P-61 Black Widow

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20 mm cannons bay on a P-61A of the 419th Night Fighter Squadron on Guadalcanal June 1944

20 mm cannons bay on a P-61A of the 419th Night Fighter Squadron on Guadalcanal June 1944

P-61A 42-5610 Midnite Madness

42-5610 Midnite Madness of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron and P-51D 44-63454 of the 47th Fighter Squadron 15th FG Iwo Jima

Assembly of P-61 on Guadalcanal

Assembly of P-61 Black Widow on Guadalcanal

P-61 Black Widow of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan 10 June 1944

Black Widow of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan 10 June 1944

P-61 Black Widow Little Joe Iwo Jima June 1945

Black Widow "Little Joe" from the 549th Night Fighter Squadron Iwo Jima June 1945

P-61 Black Widow 42-39628

Black Widow 42-39628

P-61 Black Widow in August 1945

Black Widow 42-39682

P-61 Black Widow 42-39684 of the 416th Night Fighter Squadron

Black Widow 42-39684 of the 416th Night Fighter Squadron in flight over Italy

P-61A 42-5486 undergoing cold weather testing at Ladd Field

Black Widow 42-5486 undergoing cold weather testing at Ladd Field

P-61A 42-5526 Nightie Mission of the 6th NFS on Saipan 10 July 1944

Black Widow 42-5526 Nightie Mission of the 6th NFS on Saipan 10 July 1944

P-61A Black Widow 42-5628 of the 427th Night Fighter Squadron Burma

Black Widow 42-5628 of the 427th Night Fighter Squadron Burma 1944/45

P-61A Black Widow Midnight Mickey and F6F Hellcats on Saipan

Black Widow Midnight Mickey of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron and F6F-3 Hellcats on Saipan, 1944

P-61B Black Widow of the 547th Night Fighter Squadron

Black Widow of the 547th Night Fighter Squadron lands on Lingayen airstrip Luzon, 17 May 1945

P-61A Black Widow 419th NFS Guadalcanal 1944

Black Widow, #312 419th NFS (Night Fighter Squadron), Guadalcanal 1944

Clean And Fix The Brake On A Northrop P-61 Black Widow of the 9th AF France 27 September 1944

Clean And Fix The Brake On A Northrop P-61 Black Widow of the 9th AF France 27 September 1944

cockpit of a P-61 Black Widow

cockpit of a P-61 Black Widow

Crashed „Jap Batty” P-61A Black Widow, serial 42-5528 of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron

Crashed "Jap Batty" P-61A 42-5528 of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61A 42-5610 Midnite Madness of the 548th NFS April 1945

Crashed P-61A Black Widow 42-5610 Midnite Madness of the 548th NFS April 1945

Crashed P-61B 42-39403 The Spook

Crashed P-61B 42-39403 The Spook 548th Night Fighter Squadron Iwo Jima

Gen Earl Barnes personal P-61A 13th Fighter Command New Guinea 1944

Gen Earl Barnes personal P-61A, Middleburg Island, New Guinea 1944

Inside photo of the Northrop P-61 Black Widow night fighter 1945

Inside photo of the Northrop P-61 Black Widow night fighter 1945

Line of P-61 Night Fighter Planes Parked on Airfield

Line of P-61 Night Fighter Planes Parked on Airfield

Lt Herman E Ernst pilot of the 9th AF P-61 Borrowed Time in the cockpit

Lt Herman E Ernst pilot of the 422nd NFS 9th AF P-61 42-5547 "Borrowed Time" in the cockpit

Maintenance of 425th NFS P-61 A at Vannes airfield (A-33N) France, September 1944

Maintenance of 425th NFS P-61 A Black Widow at Vannes airfield (A-33N) France, September 1944

Maintenance of the SCR 720 radar system on a P-61A of the 6th NFS Saipan

Maintenance of the SCR 720 radar system on a P-61A Black Widow of the 6th NFS Saipan

Night fighter P-61 Black Widow

Night fighter P-61 Black Widow

Northrop P-61 7AF rear view

Northrop P-61 7AF rear view

Northrop P-61 A-10-NO Black Widow 42-39397 Germany 1945

Northrop P-61 A-10-NO Black Widow 42-39397 Germany 1945

Northrop P-61 Black Widow 3

Northrop P-61 Black Widow

P-61 Black Widow

Northrop P-61 Black Widow

Northrop P-61 Black Widow engine ETO

Northrop P-61 Black Widow ,left engine Europe

P-61 Black Widow 315 of the 419th Night Fighter Squadron

Northrop P-61 Black Widow "315" of the 419th Night Fighter Squadron

Northrop P-61 Black Widow 7AF at night

Northrop P-61 Black Widow 7AF at night

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Blackout Hostess Nose Art

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Blackout Hostess Nose Art

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Bomb Loading

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Bomb Loading

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Crew Chief Of Lt. Colonel Oris B. Johnson 422nd Green Bats Night Fighter Squadron

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Crew Chief Of Lt. Colonel Oris B. Johnson 422nd Green Bats Night Fighter Squadron

Northrop P-61 Black Widow of the 418th Night Fighter Squadron Being Refueled On Kadena Strip B

Northrop P-61 Black Widow of the 418th Night Fighter Squadron Being Refueled On Kadena Strip B

Northrop P-61 Night Fighter Husslin’ Hussy Nose Art

Northrop P-61 Black Widow, 6th NFS, Husslin Hussy Nose Art

Northrop P-61 in flight during World War II – 7th AF

Northrop P-61 Black Widows in flight during World War II - 7th AF

Northrop P-61 front view

Northrop P-61 front view

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Moonhappy Nose Art

Northrop P-61A-1-NO Black Widow "Moonhappy" nose art, 6th NFS Saipan 1944, s/n 42-5527

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Sleepy Time Gal nose art

Northrop P-61A-1-NO Black Widow "Sleepy Time Gal" Nose Art. 6th NFS Saipan 1945, s/n 42-5598

P-61 Black Widow 1944 9AF Sleepy Time Gal

Northrop P-61A-10-NO Black Widow, "Sleepy Time Gal", 422nd NFS 9AF, France 1944, 42-5576

P-61A Black Widow 425th Night Fighter Squadron 42-5569 color photo

Northrop P-61A-10-NO Black Widow, "Tabitha" 425th Night Fighter Squadron D-Day, s/n 42 5569 color photo

Northrop P-61 Black Widow The Virgin Widow Nose Art

Northrop P-61A-5-NO Black Widow, "The Virgin Widow" Nose Art, 6th NFS Saipan 1944 - 1945, s/n 42-5554

P-61 Black Widow 42-5552

Northrop P-61A-5-NO Black Widow, 1944 42-5552

Northrop P-61 Black Widow Europe 1944 42 5564

Northrop P-61A-5-NO Black Widow, Europe 1944 s/n 42-5564, 42-5536

P-61B Black Widow 42-39462 340

Northrop P-61B-2-NO Black Widow, 42-39462 "340" of the 550th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow fighter

Northrop P61 Black Widow fighter

Northrup P-61 Black Widow of the 9th Air Force France 27 September 1944

Northrup P-61 Black Widow of the 9th Air Force France 27 September 1944

Northrup P-61 Black Widows Night Fighters of the 9th AF 27 September 1944

Northrup P-61 Black Widows Night Fighters of the 9th AF 27 September 1944

Observation Post Of A Northrop P-61 Black Widow France. 27 September 1944 425th NFS

Observation Post Of A Northrop P-61 Black Widow France. 27 September 1944 425th NFS

P-61A 42-5585 of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron Coulommier France 27 September 1944

P-61 42-5585 of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron Coulommier France 27 September 1944

P-61 A of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan

P-61 A of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan

P-61 A Black Widow of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan 10 June 1944

P-61 A of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan 10 June 1944

P-61 A Black Widow of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan 2

P-61 A of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan 2

P-61 A-5-NO Black Widow 42-5562 of the 421st NFS

P-61 A-5-NO Black Widow 42-5562 of the 421st NFS

P-61 Black Widows and P-51 Mustangs of the 47th FS 15th FG on Iwo Jima

P-61 and Mustangs of the 47th FS 15th FG on Iwo Jima

P-61 Black Widow assembled at Guadalcanal

P-61 assembled at Guadalcanal

P-61 Black Widow 332 Vivacious Vivian nose art

P-61 Black Widow "332" of the 550th Night Fighter Squadron. Vivacious Vivian nose art

P-61 Black Widow No love no nothing nose art

P-61 Black Widow "No love no nothing" nose art, Lt Col Oris Johnson 422nd NFS

P-61 Black Widow #332 „Vivacious Vivian” of the 550th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow #332 "Vivacious Vivian" of the 550th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow 42-39397 ETO

P-61 Black Widow 42-39397 ETO

P-61 Black Widow 42-39397 ETO 2

P-61 Black Widow 42-39397 ETO 2

P-61 Black Widow 42-5547 of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow 42-5547 of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow 6th NFS Kwajalein

P-61 Black Widow 6th NFS Kwajalein

P-61 Black Widow and aircrew member

P-61 Black Widow and aircrew member

P-61 Black Widow France 8 October 1944

P-61 Black Widow France 8 October 1944

P-61 Black Widow Guadalcanal 1944

P-61 Black Widow Guadalcanal 1944

P-61 Black Widow in flight France 9th AF

P-61 Black Widow in flight France 9th AF

P-61 Black Widow Mississippi Nite Mare nose art

P-61 Black Widow Mississippi Nite Mare nose art

P-61 Black Widow MTO

P-61 Black Widow MTO

P-61 Black Widow named Carolyn

P-61 Black Widow named Carolyn

P-61 Black Widow night fighter

P-61 Black Widow night fighter

P-61 Black Widow Night Fighter 42-5554 The Virgin Widow nose art

P-61 Black Widow Night Fighter 42-5554 of the 6th NFS. "The Virgin Widow" nose art

P-61 Black Widow night fighter of the 9th AF somewhere in France

P-61 Black Widow night fighter of the 9th AF somewhere in France

P-61 Black Widow Night Fighter Pacific 1945

P-61 Black Widow Night Fighter Pacific 1945

P-61 Black Widow of the 414th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow of the 414th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron 42-5564 Jukin Judy and 42-5536 Husslin Hussey

P-61 Black Widow of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron 42-5564 Jukin Judy and 42-5536 Husslin Hussey 1944

P-61 Black Widow of the 422nd night Fighter Squadron France

P-61 Black Widow of the 422nd night Fighter Squadron France

P-61 of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron at Coulommier airstrip France 27 September 1944

P-61 Black Widow of the 425th NFS at Coulommier airstrip France 27 September 1944

P-61 Black Widow of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron lifts off the runway at Coulommiers Airfield A-58 France

P-61 Black Widow of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron lifts off the runway at Coulommiers Airfield A-58 France

P-61 Black Widow of the 547th Night Fighter Squadron Luzon 1945

P-61 Black Widow of the 547th Night Fighter Squadron Luzon 1945

P-61 Black Widow of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widow of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron in flight

P-61 Black Widow of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron in flight

P-61 Black Widow of the 7th AF Base In The Marianas

P-61 Black Widow of the 7th AF Base In The Marianas

P-61 Black Widow Okinawa

P-61 Black Widow Okinawa

P-61 Black Widow on delivery Pacific

P-61 Black Widow on delivery Pacific

P-61 Black Widow pilot Lt. Smith 422nd Night Fighter Squadron october 1944

P-61 Black Widow pilot Lt. Smith 422nd Night Fighter Squadron october 1944

P-61 Black Widow PTO

P-61 Black Widow PTO

P-61 Black Widow 1944 9AF D-Day stripes

P-61 Black Widow rear view, 1944 9AF D-Day stripes

P-61 Black Widow of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron August 1944

P-61 Black Widow with D-Day stripes of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron August 1944

P-61 Black Widows of the 548th NFS Iwo Jima 10 March 1945

P-61 Black Widows of the 548th NFS Iwo Jima 10 March 1945

P-61 Black Widows of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widows of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61 Black Widows of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron in flight

P-61 Black Widows of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron in flight

P-61 Black Widows of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron over Pacific

P-61 Black Widows of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron over Pacific

P-61 426th NFS Liangshan 1945

P-61 named "Blood and Guts" of the 426th Night Fighter Squadron, Liangshan, China 1945

P-61 Black Widow of the 6th NFS and pilot 1Lt Dale F. Haberman

P-61 of the 6th NFS and pilot 1Lt Dale F. Haberman

P-61 Black Widow of the 6th NFS landing on Saipan 1944

P-61 of the 6th NFS landing on Saipan 1944

P-61 Black Widow of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan 10 June 44 2

P-61 of the 6th NFS stop over at Kwajalein en route to Saipan 10 June 44 2

P-61 The Graveyard At Wheeler Field Oahu April 1945

P-61 The Graveyard At Wheeler Field Oahu April 1945

P-61A 42-5505 „310” of the 419th Night Fighter Squadron on Guadalcanal is refueled for another mission June 1944

P-61A 42-5505 of the 419th Night Fighter Squadron on Guadalcanal is refueled for another mission June 1944

P-61A 42-5506 pilot Maj Emerson Barker commander of the 419th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61A 42-5506 "311", pilot Maj Emerson Barker commander of the 419th Night Fighter Squadron. Guadalcanal, Carney airfield

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey 6th Night Fighter Squadron taxiing at airfield Saipan June 1944

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey 6th Night Fighter Squadron taxiing at airfield Saipan June 1944

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th NFS

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th NFS

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61A Black Widow 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan June 1944

P-61A 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan June 1944

P-61A 42-5526 Nightie Mission of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A 42-5526 Nightie Mission of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A 42-5528 Jap Batty of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A 42-5528 Jap Batty of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A Black Widow 42-5528 Jap Batty of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan 2

P-61A 42-5528 Jap Batty of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan 2

P-61A Black Widow 42-5528 Jap Batty of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron taxiing at Saipan airfield

P-61A 42-5528 Jap Batty of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron taxiing at Saipan airfield

P-61A 42-5531 personalized for Gen Barnes 13th Fighter Command 1944

P-61A 42-5531 personalized for Gen Barnes 13th Fighter Command 1944

P-61A 42-5544 of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron France

P-61A 42-5544 of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron France

P-61A Black Widow 42-5560 Fearless Fosdick of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron

P-61A 42-5560 Fearless Fosdick of the 422nd Night Fighter Squadron, France September 27, 1944

P-61A 42-5580 Wabash Cannon Ball IV of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron France

P-61A 42-5580 Wabash Cannon Ball IV of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron France

P-61A 42-5580 Wabash Cannonball IV pilot Maj Leon G. Lewis commander of the 425th NFS

P-61A 42-5580 Wabash Cannonball IV pilot Maj Leon G. Lewis commander of the 425th NFS

P-61A 42-5583 Dangerous Dan of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron pilot 1lt Carl Byars

P-61A 42-5583 Dangerous Dan of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron pilot 1lt Carl Byars

P-61A 42-5610 Midnite Madness of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61A 42-5610 Midnite Madness of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron in flight

P-61A Black Widow 42-5526 Nightie Mission of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A Black Widow 42-5526 Nightie Mission of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A Black Widow 42-5528 Jap Batty of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A Black Widow 42-5528 Jap Batty of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61A Black Widow 42-5560 The Creep of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron and 42-5585 Plenty Peed Off Patootie III ETO

P-61A Black Widow 42-5560 "The Creep" of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron and 42-5585 "Plenty Peed Off Patootie III" Europe

P-61A Black Widow 42-5561 assigned of the 548th NFS

P-61A Black Widow 42-5561 assigned of the 548th NFS

P-61A Black Widow 42-5570 of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61A Black Widow 42-5570 of the 425th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61A Black Widow of the 6th NFS and P-47 of the 19th FS 318th FG Saipan

P-61A Black Widow of the 6th NFS and P-47 of the 19th FS 318th FG Saipan

P-61A Black Widow on Saipan

P-61A serial 42-5524 Midnight Mickey of the 6th Night Fighter Squadron Saipan

P-61 Black Widow of the 421 st Night Fighter Squadron nose art Nocturnal Nemesis

P-61A-1 Black Widow nose art Nocturnal Nemesis, 421st NFS Tacloban Philippines, 42-5502

P-61A-10-NO 42-5618 of the 427th Night Fighter Squadron, Suichuan China January 1945

P-61A-10-NO 42-5618 of the 427th NFS, Suichuan China January 1945

P-61B Black Widow 42-39403 The Spook

P-61B 42-39403 The Spook 548th Night Fighter Squadron Iwo Jima

P-61B 42-39405 Anonymous III of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron pilot 1lt Mel Bode

P-61B 42-39405 Anonymous III of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron pilot 1lt Mel Bode

P-61B 42-39408 Lady In The Dark of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron and 42-5609 Bat Outa Hell

P-61B 42-39408 Lady In The Dark of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron and P-61 42-5609 Bat Outa Hell

P-61B 42-39478 Black Magic of the 414th Night Fighter Squadron pilot 1lt Robert G. Rip Bolander

P-61B 42-39478 "Black Magic" of the 414th Night Fighter Squadron pilot 1lt Robert G. "Rip" Bolander

P-61B Black Widow 42-39532 „Doubtful Doris” nose art 414th NFS

P-61B 42-39532 "Doubtful Doris" nose art 414th NFS

P-61B Black Widow Beautiful Ass of the 414th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61B Beautiful Ass of the 414th Night Fighter Squadron

P 61B Black Widow nose art Times A Wastin 547 night fighter squadron

P-61B Black Widow nose art Times A Wastin 547 night fighter squadron

P-61B Black Widow Times A Wastin 547th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61B Black Widow Times A' Wastin 547th Night Fighter Squadron Pacific

P-61 Black Widow of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron

P-61B-2 Black Widow nose art "COOPERS SNOOPER", 548th NFS Iwo Jima 1945, s/n 42-39454

Panagarh India P-61B formerly of the 426th or 427th NFS awaiting for salvage 1945

Panagarh India P-61B formerly of the 426th or 427th NFS awaiting for salvage 1945

radar observer of the P-61 Black Widow 9th Air Force 422nd NFS

radar observer of the P-61 Black Widow 9th Air Force 422nd NFS

Servicing the four guns in the top turret of a P-61 Black Widow Four 12,7 mm Brownings

Servicing the four guns in the top turret of a P-61 Black Widow Four 12,7 mm Brownings

Northrop P-61 Black Widow was the first US aircraft designed and built specifically for night fighting. The first of two XP-61 (s/n 41-19509) flew on 21st May 1942. By the summer of 1944 the type was in service, and by the end of that year was operating over Europe from bases in France. The P-61 was radar equipped and carried a usual armament of four 20 mm. cannon and four 12,7 mm machine guns. The principal models in service before Victory Day were the P-61-1/5, P-61 A, P-61 B and C. These were generally similar except in powerplant model and in the absence of dorsal turret on the P-61A and B and some P-61-1. A photographic version was designated F-15. Production: 706 aircrafts.

Specifications:

variant P-61A P-61B-20 F-15 Reporter
crew 3 2-3
wingspan (m) 20,12 20,12 20,12
lenght (m) 14,88 15,11 15,34
height (m) 4,32 4,47 4,32
wing area (m2) 61,53 61,53 61,53
wheel base (m) 5,24
empty weight (kg) 7830 10637 9680
max take-off weight (kg) 12090 16420 16870
engines Pratt & Whitney R-2800-10  DoubleWasp, radial, twin row 18 cylinders, air cooled, 2000 hp at 305m (at 2700 rpm); 1800 hp at 4700 m (at 2700 rpm). From P-61A-5:  Pratt & Whitney R-2800-65 Pratt & Whitney R-2800-10  DoubleWasp, radial, twin row 18 cylinders, air cooled, 1850 hp for take-off (at 2700 rpm); 2250 hp at 457 m War Emergency Power (WEP) Pratt & Whitney R-2800-73  DoubleWasp, radial, twin row 18 cylinders, air cooled, 2800 hp
fuel (l)  2385 2385 - 7115 (with external fuel tanks)  4383
max speed (km/h) 599 589 at 6100 m566 ar 3000 m

531 at 0 m

 708
cruising speed (km/h) 322 322 507
landing speed (km/h) 151 150 129
ceiling (m) 10363 12500 12497
range (km) 1947 885 - 3000 (with external fuel tanks) 6437
climbing time  8'30'' at 6100 m  12'00'' at 6100 m
armament 4 x 20mm, 4 x 12,7 mm 4 x 20mm, 4 x 12,7 mm -
Bibliography:
  • P-61 Black Widow Units of World War 2 - Warren Thompson, Mark Styling, Osprey Combat Aircraft 8
  • Northrop P-61 Black Widow - Warren E. Thompson, Warbird Tech Series Volume 15, Specialty Press 1997
  • P-61 Black Widow in Action - Larry Davis, David W. Menard, Squadron/Signal Publications Aircraft Number 106
  • Pilot Training Manual for the P-61 Black Widow - Headquarters AAF, Office of Flying Safety 1944
  • Northrop P-61 Black Widow - Miroslav Balous, MBI 1994
  • Northrop P-61 Black Widow - Bunrin-Do Famous Airplanes of the World 72
  • The 421st Night Fighter Squadron in World War II - Jeff Kolln, Schiffer Publishing (A Schiffer Military History Book, 2001)
  • Conquering The Night - Army Air Forces Night Fighters At War - Stephen L. McFarland
  • Queen of the Midnight Skies: The Story of America's Air Force Night Fighters - Garry R. Pape, Ronal C. Harrison, Schiffer Publishing 1992
  • The Concise Guide to American Aircraft of WWII - David Mondey
  • Air Force Colors 1942-47 volume 3: Pacific & Home Front 1942-47 - B.Stadt & D.Bell, Squadron-Signal Aircraft Specials 6152
  • Air Force Colors Vol. 2, ETO & MTO 1942-45 - Dana Bell, Squadron/Signal Publications 6151
  • USAAF Aircraft Markings and Camouflage 1941-1947: The History of USAAF Aircraft Markings, Insignia, Camouflage, and Colors - Victor G. Archer, Robert D. Archer, Schiffer Publishing 1997
  • 421 NFS - Andre Zbiegniewski, Kagero 31
  • American Nightfighter Aces of World War 2 - Andrew Thomas & Warren Thompson, Osprey Aircraft of the Aces 84
  • Support and Strike! A Concise History of the U.S. Ninth Air Force in Europe - John F. Hamlin
  • Northrop P-61 Black Widow: The Complete History and Combat Record - Garry R. Pape, John M. Campbell, Donna Campbell - Motorbooks International (1991)
  • The Evolution of the P-61 Black Widow - Squadron-Signal Aircraft Specials 6126
  • Northrop's Night Hunter: P-61 Black Widow - Jeff Kolln
  • Darkly Dangerous: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow Night Fighter - Frederick A. Johnsen
  • Black Widow: The story of the Northrop P-61 - David R. McLaren
  • Combat Chronicles of the P-61 Black Widow - Warren Thompson, Squadron-Signal 2011
  • Night Hawks & Black Widows: 13th Air Force Night Fighters in the Southwest Pacific 1943-1945 - Terry M Mays (A Schiffer Military History Book, 2009)
  • Deny Them the Night Sky: A History of the 548th Night Fighter Squadron - Eric Shulenberger