World War Photos

XF4F-3 Wildcat

The Grumman XF4F-3 Wildcat (Model G-36) represents a critical evolution in the development of naval aviation, being the prototype that laid the groundwork for the F4F Wildcat, one of the most effective fighters in the U.S. Navy during World War II. Here’s a detailed overview of the XF4F-3:

Key Specifications and Features of the Grumman XF4F-3 Wildcat:

1. Development and Background:

   • The XF4F-3 was a direct development from the earlier XF4F-2, incorporating several design improvements based on lessons learned from its predecessor.
   • The aircraft was essentially a rebuild of the XF4F-2 airframe, modified to enhance performance and address the shortcomings of the earlier model.

2. First Flight:

   • The XF4F-3 took to the skies for the first time on February 12, 1939.

3. Physical Characteristics:

   • Wingspan: 38 feet (increased from the XF4F-2’s 34 feet)
   • Length: 28 feet
   • Height: 11 feet 8 inches
   • Wing Area: 260 square feet
   • The design featured squared-off wingtips and tail surfaces, which became a characteristic feature of Grumman aircraft.

4. Powerplant and Propulsion:

   • Powered by a Pratt & Whitney R-1830-76 Twin Wasp engine, a 14-cylinder, twin-row, radial air-cooled engine.
   • The engine produced 1,200 horsepower at takeoff and 1,000 horsepower at 19,000 feet, thanks to a two-stage/two-speed supercharger.
   • Equipped with a Curtiss 3-blade constant-speed propeller with a 9-foot 9-inch diameter.

5. Armament:

   • The XF4F-3 was armed with two .30 caliber Browning machine guns in the nose and two .50 caliber Browning machine guns in the wings, enhancing its firepower compared to earlier versions.

6. Weight and Performance:

   • Empty Weight: 4,863 pounds
   • Gross Weight: 6,099 pounds
   • Maximum Speed: 333.5 miles per hour at 20,500 feet
   • Normal Range: 907 miles
   • Initial Climb Rate: 2,800 feet per minute
   • Service Ceiling: 33,500 feet

7. Design Improvements:

   • The XF4F-3 featured a larger wingspan and vertical tail compared to the XF4F-2, contributing to better stability and control.
   • Other refinements included smaller ailerons, increased wing dihedral for improved roll stability, and the removal of the propeller spinner in some configurations to reduce weight and complexity.
   • The aircraft’s squared-off wingtips and tail surfaces not only improved aerodynamics but also became a distinctive feature of subsequent Grumman designs.

8. Legacy and Production Order:

   • The successful design modifications led to the U.S. Navy placing an order for fifty-four F4F-3 fighters on August 8, 1939. This marked the beginning of the Wildcat’s production run, which would see extensive service during World War II.
   • The XF4F-3’s improvements made it a more formidable opponent in aerial combat, setting the stage for the Wildcat’s role as a key fighter in the Pacific Theater.