“Mary Co ED II” of the 434th Troop Carrier Group
The 434th Troop Carrier Group (434th TCG) was one of the earliest units to arrive in England during World War II and played a critical role in airborne operations throughout the European Theater. The group’s primary mission was to transport troops, supplies, and equipment, often under extremely hazardous conditions, in support of Allied ground forces.
Operational History
Arrival and Training:
- The 434th TCG arrived in England in October 1943 and underwent extensive training in preparation for airborne operations. This training was crucial for the group to effectively carry out its missions during the invasion of France and other major operations.
D-Day Operations:
- On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the 434th TCG played a significant role in the Normandy invasion, working closely with the 101st Airborne Division. The group towed 52 CG-4 and 32 Horsa gliders in two critical operations, codenamed ‘Chicago’ and ‘Detroit’. These operations were pivotal in establishing a foothold in Normandy. The following day, the group executed fifty replenishment sorties to support the ongoing operations.
- For its outstanding performance during the D-Day operations, the 434th TCG was awarded the Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC) and the French Croix de Guerre with Palm.
St. Lo Breakthrough:
- In July 1944, the group provided essential support to the Allied forces during the St. Lo breakthrough by transporting troop reinforcements, contributing to the success of this pivotal operation.
Airborne Assault on Holland:
- During the airborne assault on Holland (Operation Market Garden) from September 17-25, 1944, the 434th TCG was heavily involved in dropping paratroops and towing gliders. Over two days, the group towed a total of 161 troop-carrying gliders, playing a vital role in the operation.
Battle of the Bulge:
- In December 1944, during the German counter-offensive in the Ardennes (Battle of the Bulge), the group was tasked with dropping much-needed paratroop reinforcements, helping to stabilize the front lines during a critical phase of the battle.
Rhine Crossing:
- In March 1945, the 434th TCG participated in the Rhine crossing operation (Operation Varsity), further showcasing its capability in providing airborne support during major Allied offensives.
Post-Victory Operations:
- After VE-Day, the group’s missions shifted towards logistical support, including transporting fuel to Allied forces in Germany and repatriating prisoners of war to centers in France and Holland. The group continued these operations until its return to the United States in July and August 1945.
Squadrons and Codes
- 71st Troop Carrier Squadron (TCS): CJ
- 72nd Troop Carrier Squadron (TCS): CU
- 73rd Troop Carrier Squadron (TCS): CN
- 74th Troop Carrier Squadron (TCS): ID
Bases
- Fulbeck, Lincolnshire: 7 October 1943
- Welford Park, Berkshire: 10 December 1943
- Aldermaston, Berkshire: 3 March 1944
- Mourmelon-le-Grand, Alsace (France): February 1945
Commanding Officers
- Lt. Col. Fred D. Stevens: August 18, 1943
- Col. William B. Whitacre: November 29, 1943
- Lt. Col. Ben A. Garland: December 17, 1944
Aircraft
- C-47 Skytrain
- C-53 Skytrooper
- CG-4 Waco Glider
- Horsa Glider
Unit Decorations
- Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC): For actions in France, 6-7 June 1944.
- French Croix de Guerre with Palm: Awarded for actions on 6-7 June 1944 and 20-28 August 1944.
- French Fourragère: Recognized for the group’s contributions during these operations.
Aircraft Markings
- The aircraft of the 434th TCG were typically painted in the standard USAAF two-color camouflage. The squadron codes, in white or sky color, were prominently displayed on the forward fuselage, with the aircraft call letter positioned on the tail, just above the serial number.