Hurricane of No 229 Squadron being re fuelled and re-armed August 1940 – Battle of Britain
Hurricane being ranged on the flight deck of HMS Indomitable Malta convoy 10-12 August 1942
Hurricane M2-K aboard HMS ARGUS 1943
Hurricane Mk IIC BD867 QO-Y of No 3 Squadron RAF in flight
Hurricane Mk I P2728 parked outside a hangar at Gosport 1940
Hawker Hurricane Mk I P3300 1940
Hawker Hurricane Mk II B “01” of Rusian Navy 1941
Hawker Hurricane Mk II PZ827
Hurricane P3403 on railroad flat car
PO Lewis of No 85 Squadron and his Hurricane P2923 VY-R Castle Camps July 1940
Hurricane Mk I of No 245 Squadron in flight near Belfast November 1940
Hawker Hurricane Mk IV LB640
Hawker Hurricane LK-S wind tunnel 1942 RAE
Hurricane Mk IV KX413 FJ-H of No. 164 Squadron RAF undergoing servicing at Middle Wallop
Sea Hurricanes of 885 Squadron FAA with their engines running ranged on the deck of HMS Victorious
Hurricane Mk I VY-H of No. 85 Squadron RAF stands at readiness at Lille-Seclin, France 1940
Yugoslav groundcrew wheel a trolley of 3 inch rocket projectiles past re armed Hurricane Mk IVs of No 351 Yugoslav Squadron RAF Prkos Yugoslavia
Hurricane PR Mk IIB BM969 of S Flight No 3 PRU based at Dum Dum India
Hurricane Z3768 FK-49 of No, 81 Squadron RAF in a waterlogged dispersal at Vaenga, Russia September 1941
Hurricane Mk IIB code 55-FN Z3977 of the 81 Squadron 151st Wing on airfield in Vaenga Russia
Repair and Salvage Hurricanes heading towards Gizeh Pyramids 1942, Z4967 HB-D in the foreground.
Hurricane Mk I with 20mm gun
Flt Lt D R Turley George and FO Fenwick in front of their Sea Hurricane Mk IA on board the SS EMPIRE TIDE
Pilots of No 310 Czech Squadron in front of Hurricane Mk I P3143 code NN-D 1941
Hawker Sea Hurricane IC V6741 III April 1943
Hurricane Mk IV KZ188 C of No 6 Squadron RAF being refuelled on a dispersal at Prkos Yugoslavia
No 87 Squadron RAF Pilots and Hurricanes Mk I at Lille Seclin, France 1940
Sergeant B Bawden and Hurricane Mk IIC code LK-R HL865 Night Duty of No 87 Squadron at Charmy Down 2 September 1942
Hurricane prototype K5083 1935 nose
Hurricane Mk I L1951 code TM-L of No. 504 Squadron field near Great Yarmouth, 2 April 1940
Sea Hurricanes Flying Exercises On HMS Victorious 25-27 June 1942
Hawker Hurricane Mk II C KZ466 2
BRITISH WAAF Womens Auxiliary Air Force 1st MECHANICS 1942
Hurricane P3878 YB-W of No 17 Squadron Debden, August/September 1940
Hurricane Mk IIC HW557 “K” of No. 28 Squadron RAF at Sadaung Burma
Hawker Hurricane assembly fuselage
Hurricane prototype K5083 1935 in flight
Afrika Korps soldiers with shot down Hurricane
Mail being loaded into a Hurricane Mk IIC of No 1697 Air Despatch Letter Service Flight at B2 Bazenville Normandy 1944
Pilots of B Flight No 33 Squadron RAF Hurricane Mk I Fuka Egypt
Hurricane Mk X AG162 code EH-W of No 55 OTU based at Annan Dumfriesshire in flight
Hurricane Mk IIB night fighters Z3971 SW-S “Samasthans II” of No 253 Squadron RAF lined up at Hibaldstow
PO Clowes of No 1 Squadron RAF climbing into his Hurricane Mk I P3395 JX-B in a revetment at Wittering
Hurricane QO-T of No 3 Squadron RAF 1940
Hurricane Mk I Z4575 “L” of No 2 Squadron IAF at Risalpur
Hurricane of No 249 Squadron RAF pilots with mascot duck Wilfred 1941
Groundcrew refuelling Hawker Hurricane Mk I L2001 code JU-B of No. 111 Squadron RAF at Wick, Early 1940
Hurricane Mk IV fighter bomber KX877 parked on an airfield April 1943
Pilots and Hurricanes of No 56 Punjab Squadron at Duxford 2 January 1942
Hurricane Mk IVD KZ193 fitted with two 40mm Vickers Type S guns and a Vokes tropical filter on the ground
Hawker Hurricane 69 With Rockets
Hawker Hurricane Mk II C 1943
Hurricane on the beach
Hurricane Mk IIA Z2515 1942
Sqn Ldr Billy Drake and Hurricane Mk II B of No 128 Squadron in West Africa 1941
Hurricane wreckage with drop tanks France
Hurricane with the “Night and White” undersurfaces of No 56 Squadron flying at low level April 1940
Hurricane Mk II Z3768 of RAF 81 Squadron 151 Fighter Wing in Russia 1941
Hurricane assembly and production tail section
Hurricane V7716 code TP-U No 73 Squadron RAF and DAK Kubelwagen April 1941
No 85 Squadron in France 1940 during the visit by King George VI
Canadian built AF964 Sea Hurricane Mk X 1941
Hurricane Mk I VY-G of No 85 Squadron RAF stand at readiness at Lille Seclin, France
“Sir Roderic” – presentation Hurricane No 94 Squadron RAF
German soldiers examining destroyed Hurricane
Hurricane pilot and ground staff inspect the oxygen supply of the aircraft before a sortie October 1940
Hurricane Mk I P3522 of No 32 Squadron flown by PO Rupert Smythe taxying at Hawkinge 29 July 1940
Sgt Dean of No 274 Squadron RAF examines belts of .303 ammunition Sidi Barrani Egypt Hurricane Mk I P2638
Hurricane Mk IIC night fighter BD936 ZY-S of No 247 Squadron RAF based at Predannack pilot Sous Lieutenant Helies
German soldier poses with destroyed Hurricane
Hurricane of No 17 Squadron code YB-C crash landed during Battle of Britain
Hawker Hurricane TM-J No. 504 Squadron RAF connected to the battery cart
Hurricanes during patrol in Middle East 1942
No. 42 Squadron RAF camouflaging their Hurricane Mk IV in dispersal points at Onbauk Burma KX802 codeAW-B and LF477 code AW-C
Hurricane Mk IIB BD930 R of No 73 Squadron RAF. north Africa
Sqn Ldr Peter Townsend jumps down from Hurricane Mk I P3166, coded VY-Q No 85 Squadron while being refuelled at Castle Camps July 1940
Formation of RAF Hurricane fighters on patrol on the Western Front 1940
Hurribomber Mk IV fighter bomber in flight August 1945
33 Squadron in front of Hurricane In Greece Sqn Ldr Pattle 2nd from right
Hurricanes Mk I of No 85 Squadron RAF on patrol during the Battle of Britain
Sea Hurricane Mk I Z4936 code KE-M of the Merchant Ship Fighter Unit
Germans poses with destroyed Hurricane
Hurricane Mk I of RAF No 501 Squadron at Betheniville 1940
Sea Hurricanes on the flight deck of HMS Victorious with the battleship USS WASHINGTON in the foreground July 1942
Hurricane prototype K5083 1935 in flight 2
Hurricane Mk IIB of No 134 Squadron RAF scramble from their dispersals in the snow at Vaenga
Luftwaffe soldiers poses with Hurricane wreckage
Hurricanes of No 3 Squadron early in War
Hurricane Prototype K5083 1st Modifications at Brooklands
Hurricane prototype K5083 1935 front
Sergeant B Furst of No 310 Czechoslovak Squadron RAF Duxford September 1940
Hurricane Mk I Z3593 British Honduras 1940
501 Squadron Hurricanes at Gravesend during Battle of Britain on 18 August 1940
Hurricane Mk IV No 6 Sqn with rockets and drop tanks Greece 1945
Hurricane Mk I of the 56 Squadron P2764, code US-P North Weald, May 1940
Sea Hurricane Mk X AM277 shot down 1942 Oran 8th November 1942.jpg
Pilots of B Flight No 32 Squadron relax on the grass at Hawkinge in front of Hurricane Mk I P3522 GZ-V Battle of Britain
Sea Hurricanes Mk IA bearing Merchant Ship
Armourers fit rocket projectiles to Hurricane Mk IV of No 170 Wing in a dispersal on an airfield in Burma
Sea Hurricanes flying in formation December 1941
Hurricane Mk II of No 185 Squadron RAF lined up at readiness at Hal Far Malta – Mk IIB Z5265 “T” in the background
RAF personnel and Soviet sailors at Vaenga,Russia. Hurricane Mk IIB Z5227, code FE-53 of No 81 Squadron RAF
20 Squadron RAF pilots with Japanese Trophies by Hurricane Mk IID
Hurricane Mk IIC BE500 code LK-A United Provinces Cawnpore being flown by Sqn Ldr Dennis Smallwood 87 Squadron RAF (color photo)
Hurricane prototype K5083 1935 left side view 2
Sea Hurricane Mk IA V6756 on the catapult of a CAM Ship at Greenock
Hurricane on Landing Field in Northern Russia
Hurricane Assembly center wing section
Hurricane Mk IIC assembly LF772 LF773 LF774
Hawker Hurricane Assembly MW336
American Hurricane KZ??? MTO 1943/44
Hurricane Mk I of No 213 Squadron RAF over Cyprus 1941
Hurricane Mk I flown by Sgt G Sammy Allard of No 85 Squadron July 1940 2
Czechoslovak pilots of No 310 Czechoslovak Squadron RAF Hurricane Mk I P3143 NN-D Duxford
Ground crew rolling drums of petrol to Hurricane Mk IV of No 6 Squadron RAF at Araxos Greece
Hurricane Mk IIC of No 224 Group RAF in north eastern India Hurricane Mk IIC in the background HV816 “X”
Hurricane Mk IIC LB941 “E” of No 60 Squadron RAF crash landed north of Sadaung Burma
Crashed Hurricane trop and DAK soldiers
Hurricanes fly over the Hurricane Mk IIBand IIC of No 67 Squadron RAFat Chittagong India
No 71 Eagle Squadron RAF Pilot Andrew Mamedoff on Hurricane 1941
Hurricane Mk IIA Z2961 “K” of the Malta Night Fighter Unit being refuelled and re armed at Ta Kal Malta
Hurricane Mk I Z4204 “H” of B Flight No 30 Squadron RAF at Idku Egypt
German soldiers inspect Hurricane Mk II FZ-P of No 94 Squadron RAF shot down in North Africa
Hurricane Mk IIB Z3977 FN-55 of No 81 Squadron 151st Wing RAF being serviced at Vaenga, Russia
Hawker Hurricane code RE-C No. 229 Squadron RAF
Early Hurricane Mk I on test
Hurricane Mk IIC of the Air Dispatch Service Squadron with D-Day stripes, 1944
Hawker Hurricane Mk II D HW719
British Pilot Framed in Undercarriage of Hurricane Fighter 1940
Hurricane Mk I of No 245 Squadron in flight from Aldergrove November 1940 2
Hurricane Mk I of No 257 Squadron RAF take off from Coltishall Norfolk Squadron Leader R R Stanford Tuck in V6864 DT-A
Hurricane Mk IIB of No 174 Squadron RAF lined up at Manston Kent
Hurricanes of No 56 Squadron in flight April 1940
Hurricane aircraft at the Fleet Air Arm airfield at Yeovilton (color photo)
Sqn Ldr R R Stanford Tuck of No 257 Squadron RAF in his Hurricane Mk I V6864 DT-A Coltishall Norfolk
Hurricane Mk I flown by Sgt G Sammy Allard of No 85 Squadron July 1940
Hurricane Mk I XR-Z of No 71 Eagle Squadron takes off from Kirton in Lindsey
Hurricane assembly and production wing center section
Ground staff re arm a Hurricane Mk I of No 32 Squadron at Biggin Hill August 1940
HMS Victorious flight deck showing HMS Indomitable and Eagle Sea Hurricane and Albacore are ranged on flight deck August 1942
Hurricane Mk IIB Z5253, code GA-25 of No 134 Squadron RAF taxies out past Russian sentries at Vaenga
Mechanics Tuning Up Hurricane Mk I Fighters at RAF Northolt 1938
A pilot of No 6 Squadron RAF stands by his Hurricane Mk IID Tank Buster at Shandur Egypt 1943
Hawker Hurricane Mk IIC with Merlin X,X April 1943
Formation of Hurricane Fighters in flight – L1550, L1559
Belgian Hawker Hurricane white 22
Hawker Hurricane wreckage
American pilots of No 71 Eagle Squadron rush to their Hurricanes at Kirton in Lindsey 17 March 1941
Hurricane Mk IV LB774 with two 40 mm (1.57 in) Vickers S guns
Hawker Hurricane assembly radiator
RAF sergeant unloads a press bag delivered by Hurricane of the 2nd TAF Communication Squadron at Le Bourget France 1944
Anti tank Hurricane Mk IID BN795 Our John of No 6 Squadron RAF on a landing ground in North Africa
Hurricane Mk IIB HL887 AK-W of No 213 Squadron RAF El Adem Libya 1943
Hurricane Mk I in flight over Egypt October 1940
Hurricane Mk I P3886 code UF-K of No 601 Squadron RAF being serviced in a dispersal at Exeter November 1940
Sea Hurricanes of 885 Squadron ranged on the wet flight deck of HMS Victorious
Hawker Hurricane Mk II B 1942
Hurricane Mk IIC BD867 QO-Y of No 3 Squadron RAF on the ground at Hunsdon
Flying Officer V C Woodward No 33 Squadron RAF beside his Hurricane Mk I Fuka Egypt 1941
Hurricane Tac R Mk IV No 28 Squadron Aya Bridge south of Mandalay 1945
Hawker Hurricane prototype
Hurricane fighters in flight Middlesex 1938
Hawker Hurricane LB611 Production
Hawker Hurricane wreckage 1940
Flt Lt Blatchford of No 257 Squadron RAF climbing out of his Hurricane Mk I at Martlesham Heath
Sea Hurricane AF953 on the flight deck of HMS Avenger June 1942
Hurricane Mk I of Squadron Leader Tuck commanding No 257 Squadron refuelling at Coltishall early January 1941
Hurricane Mk II of the Malta Night Fighter Unit wait at readiness at Ta Kali Malta
Hurricane Mk IIC Over the Western Desert 94 Squadron RAF
6 Hurricane Mk IIB of B Flight No 601 Squadron RAF based at Duxford
Hurricanes IIB of No 601 Squadron B Flight 1941
Hurricane Mk I L2045 SD-A of No 501 Squadron RAF loaded onto a railway wagon during the final evacuation from France 1940
German soldiers examining Hurricane
Sea Hurricane Mk XII JS327 shot down 1942 Oran 8th November 1942
Hawker Hurricane Mk I P2813
Hawker Hurricane P2959 and Fairey Battle P5238 after collapse of France, 1940
Hurricane Mk X AG111 HK-G No 59 Operational Training Unit on the ground at Milfield
Hawker Hurricane Mk II C for Turkey 1943
Hurricane Mk I V7608, code XR-J of No 71 Eagle Squadron RAF at Kirton in Lindsey
Hurricanes of No 3 Squadron in flight during World War II
Hurricane wreckage 1940 2
Hurricane Mk IIC of the Air Dispatch letter Service Squadron 1944
Hurricane Patrols in Middle East
Hurricane assembly and production wings
Hurricanes of No 17 Squadron on the ground at Debden July 1940
Pilots of No 33 Squadron RAF at Larissa Greece Hurricane Mk I V7419 1941
Hurricane Mk IID of No 6 Squadron RAF rolling out at Gabes 6 April 1943 (color photo)
Langley defence Hurricane Mk IIB
Hurricane VY-B of No. 85 Squadron RAF France 1940
Hurricane P2923 code VY-R of No 85 Squadron flown by Plt Off Albert G Lewis at Castle Camps July 1940
Hurricane Mk IIB BE485 of RCAF Squadron No 402
Hurricane being ranged on the flight deck of HMS Indomitable Malta convoy 10-12 August 1942 2
Hurricane Mk IIB BN114 fitted with 500lb bombs
Turkish Hurricanes Mk IIC Trop at Airfield in Middle East. Early 1943
Hurricane Mk IV North Africa
Hurricane Mk I P2923 VY-R flown by PO A G Lewis of No. 85 Squadron landing at Castle Camps
Hurricane Mk IIC trop HL844 “MacRobert Fighter – Sir Alasdair” of 237 Sqn, 1942
WAAF armourers and flight mechanics servicing a Hurricane at Sealand in Wales 5 May 1943
American Hawker Hurricane Mk II Trop BP654, MTO 1943/44
Hurricane Mk IID BP188 JV-Z of No 6 Squadron RAF based at Shandur Egypt
Hawker Sea Hurricane Mk IA Z4852
Hurricane Mk I of No 257 Squadron RAF fly over the airfield at Coltishall Norfolk V7607 DT-H
Mail being loaded into a Hurricane Mk IIC of No 1697 Air Despatch Letter Service Flight at B2 Bazenville Normandy
Hurricane Mk IIC LF380 FI-D of No 83 OTU on the ground at Peplow
Sea Hurricane Mk IB code M2-H fighter about to land on HMS Argus
Hawker Hurricane Mk II C KZ466
Hurricane prototype K5083 1935 left side view
Canadian Hurricane XII 5624 with ski undercarriage, 1942
Hurricanes Mk IIB of No 601 Squadron B flight on patrol 1941
German Hurricane with Balkenkreuz of the Jagdfliegerschule 2, Zerbst
Hurricane Mk I W9232 in flight
Single-seat, single-engine British fighter, designed and manufactured by Hawker Aircraft. Used on many fronts of World War II, Hurricane played a significant role during the Battle of Britain. Produced in numerous versions with different weapons and engines. Until the end of production in 1944 it produced more than 14 000 copies of all versions of land and navy Sea Hurricanes designed to operate from the decks of aircraft carriers.
Hurricane was developed in response to a specification announced by the Air Ministry on construction of a new fighter with Rolls-Royce PV-12 engine. The project under the leadership of Sidney Camm started in early 1933.
Most of the Hurricanes was produces in label Hawker Aircraft, then in plants Gloster Aircraft and Austin Motor Company has produced only 300 machines. In later years, the production was moved to factories Canadian Car & Foundry Corp. in Canada.
Land Variants
Mk I (early) – fabric-covered wings and wooden two-bladed, fixed-pitch propeller. Engine: Rolls-Royce Merlin Mk II / III. Armament: 8 x 7,7 mm
Mk I (late) – de Havilland or Rotol three blade propeller, metal-covered wings and armour
Mk IIA Series 1 – Merlin XX engine, slightly longer aerodynamic Rotol propeller spinner and longer nose (4,5 in).
Mk IIB or IIA Series 2 – bomb racks (2×500 lb) and 12 x 7,7 mm Browning machine guns
Mk IIB Trop – tropicalised varaint fitted with Vokes and Rolls Royce engine dust filters and desert survival kit
Mk IIC – 4 x 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannons and bomb racks (2×500 lb or 44-gallon long-range fuel tanks). The Mk IIC could be tropicalized and fitted with a Vokes carburettor dust filter.
Mk IID -Mk IIC with 2 x 40 mm and 2 x 7,7 mm. The first Mk IID flew in 09.1941 and deliveries started in 1942.
Mk IIE – wing modification and Merlin 27 engine (only 2 prototypes)
Met Mk II – meteorological reconnaissance unarmed Hurricane Mk IIC
Mk III – Packard Merlin 28 engine (project)
Mk IV – model with “universal Wing” and Merlin 24 or 27 engine; armoured engine and radiator. The tropicalized version was fitted with Vokes dust filter.
Mk V – 3 prototypes with 4 blade propellers and Merlin 32 engines (1700 hp)
Mk X – Canadian variant with Packard Merlin 28; Armament: 8×7,7 mm
Mk XI – Canadian variant
Mk XII – Canadian variant with Packard Merlin 29; Armament: 12×7,7 mm or 4×20 mm
Mk XII – Canadian variant with Packard Merlin 29; Armament: 8×7,7 mm
PR Mk I and II – photographic reconnaissance variant of Mk I / II
Hurricane Tac R Mk I / II- Tactical Reconnaissance aircraft
Navy Variants
Mk IA – “Hurricat” – Hurricane Mk I modified by General Aircraft Limited for CAM ships
Mk IB – Hurricane Mk I equipped with catapult spools and arrester hook. A total of 340 aircraft were converted.
Mk IC – Hurricane Mk I equipped with catapult spools and arrester hook; Armament: 4 x 20 mm
Mk IIC – converted Hurricane Mk IIC
Mk XIIA – converted Canadian-built Hurricane Mk XII. Converted for operations aboard CAM ships
Bibliography
- Tony O’Toole, Neil Robinson, Martin Derry: Hawker Hurricane and Sea Hurricane
- Martyn Chorlton, Adam Tooby: Hawker Hurricane Mk I–V, Osprey Air Vanguard 6
- Ron Mackay: Hawker Hurricane, Squadron/Signal Publications Walk Around Number 14
- Tim Callaway: – Aviation Classics 15: The Hawker Hurricane
- Christopher Shores: Battle of Britain. Hawker Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire, Messerschmitt Bf.109, Osprey Aircam Aviation Series №S.1
- Christopher Shores – Hawker Hurricane Mk.I/IV in Royal Air Force & Foreign Service, Osprey Aircam Aviation Series №24
- Paul Blackah: Hawker Hurricane 1935 onwards (all marks) – Owners’ Workshop Manual
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- Miroslaw Wawrzynski – Hurricane w obcej sluzbie / Hurricane in Foreign Service (Polish/English)
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- Terence Kelly: Hurricane Over the Jungle, 120 Days Fighting the Japanese Onslaught in 1942
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- Peter Jacobs: Hawker Hurricane, Crowood
- Dominique Breffort: Hawker Hurricane: From 1937 to 1950
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- Melvyn Hiscock: Hawker Hurricane, Inside and Out
- Marek Rys: Hawker Hurricane, Mushroom Yellow Series
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- Terrence Kelley: Hurricane and Spitfire Pilots at War
- Tony Holmes: HURRICANES TO THE FORE – The first aces, Aircraft of the Aces: Men and Legends 7, Osprey
- Phil H. Listemann: No. 128 Squadron 1941 – 1945, RAF, Dominion & Allied Squadrons at War
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- Richard Overy: The Battle of Britain: Myth and Reality
- Peter Sherrard: The Four Geniuses of the Battle of Britain: Watson-Watt, Henry Royce, Sydney Camm and RJ Mitchell
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- Richard Townshend Bickers: The Battle of Britain: The Greatest Battle in the History of Air Warfare
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- Norman Franks: Fighter Command’s Air War 1941: RAF Circus Operations and Fighter Sweeps Against the Luftwaffe
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- Bryan Philpott: RAF Combat Units: SEAC 1941-45, Osprey Airwar 23
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