Fw 190A-8 Werk Nummer 175140 at Melsbroek airfield, Belgium
The Fw 190A-8 series represented a significant development in the Fw 190 family, combining enhanced endurance, firepower, and versatility. The V51 (530765) prototype was pivotal in its design, leading to a robust production run of 1,334 aircraft in 1944.
Key Features and Modifications:
MW 50 System and Long-Range Fuel Tank:
- The A-8 was equipped with an improved MW 50 system (methanol-water injection), enabling extended periods of emergency boost for up to ten minutes. Additionally, a 115-liter fuel tank behind the pilot’s seat could be used either for the MW 50 system or as an auxiliary fuel tank, enhancing range and performance.
Structural Adjustments:
- To balance the increased weight from the aft tank, the radio equipment and the ETC 501 bomb/drop tank pylon were moved 200 mm forward. This repositioning was crucial for maintaining proper aircraft balance and handling characteristics.
Armament and Conversion Kits:
- The A-8 series supported a wide array of field conversion kits, including R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7, R8, R11, and R12. The R2 variant featured the MK 108 30 mm cannon, emphasizing its role in bomber interception. The R3 variant included various weapons and armor configurations.
- Notably, the A-8/R7 was modified as a “Rammjäger” (ramming fighter), heavily armored to withstand close combat and potential collisions, a tactic particularly controversial and rarely encouraged by chief designer Kurt Tank.
Specialized Variants:
- The A-8/R11 was adapted for all-weather operations, featuring enhanced radio and navigation systems, including the FuG 16ZY and FuG 25. It was powered by the BMW 801D/TU engine, which had interchangeable parts with the planned, but not widely available, BMW 801E engine.
Other Variants:
- A two-seat trainer version, the Fw 190A-8/U1, was also produced in limited numbers to convert Ju 87 Stuka pilots to the Fw 190, designated as Fw 190S.
Production and Legacy:
Production of the Fw 190A-8 commenced in February 1944 across several manufacturers, including Focke-Wulf, Fieseler, AGO, and Dornier’s Wismar facility. This variant marked the culmination of Fw 190 development with the BMW 801D engine, showcasing the platform’s adaptability and extensive use in various combat roles throughout the war.